In the 1870s, just a few years before Zamenhof created Esperanto, Polish was banned in public places in Białystok. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist from Białystok, then part of the Russian Empire, but now part of Poland. The title translates to: International Language: Preface and Complete Tutorial.Įsperanto was created in the late 1870s and early 1880s by L. Esperanto speakers are often called "Esperantists" ( Esperantistoj). The language has also gained a noticeable presence on the internet in recent years, as it became increasingly accessible on platforms such as Duolingo, Wikipedia, Amikumu, and Google Translate. Although no country has adopted Esperanto officially, Esperantujo ("Esperanto-land") is used as a name for the collection of places where it is spoken. Concentration of speakers is highest in Europe, East Asia, and South America. Usage estimates are difficult, but two recent estimates put the number of active speakers at around 100,000. One of the language's most notable features is its extensive system of derivation, where prefixes and suffixes may be freely combined with roots to generate words, making it possible to communicate effectively with a smaller set of words.Įsperanto is the most successful constructed international auxiliary language, and the only such language with a sizeable population of native speakers, of which there are perhaps several thousand.
Slavic languages also influenced the grammar and phonology. The vocabulary derives primarily from Romance languages, with substantial contributions from Germanic languages. Esperanto's vocabulary, syntax, and semantics derive predominantly from languages of the Indo-European group. Within the range of constructed languages, Esperanto occupies a middle ground between "naturalistic" (imitating existing natural languages) and a priori (where features are not based on existing languages). The word esperanto translates into English as "one who hopes". Early adopters of the language liked the name Esperanto and soon used it to describe his language. Esperanto's International Language (Esperanto: Unua Libro), which he published under the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto. Zamenhof first described the language in Dr. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communication, or "the international language" ( la lingvo internacia). Created by Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. Esperanto ( / ˌ ɛ s p ə ˈ r ɑː n t oʊ/ or / ˌ ɛ s p ə ˈ r æ n t oʊ/) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language.
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